Sexual and Gender-Based Violence (SGBV) refers to any act that is perpetrated against a person's will and is based on gender norms and unequal power relationships. It encompasses a wide range of physical, sexual and psychological harm. While women and girls are often the primary victims, SGBV can also affect men and boys. Types of SGBV include, but are not limited to:

 

Physical, sexual and psychological violence occurring in the family, including battering, sexual exploitation and abuse, marital rape, female genital mutilation/cutting and other practices harmful to women.  Also occurring within the general community, including rape, sexual abuse, sexual harassment and intimidation, trafficking, and forced prostitution.

 

Physical, sexual and psychological violence perpetrated or condoned by the state and institutions, wherever it occurs.

 

Economic abuse, such as denial of resources, opportunities, or services.

 

Forced marriage, where individuals are forced into marriages without their consent.

 

Honour crimes, where violence (often lethal) is inflicted on individuals, often women, based on a belief that they have brought dishonour upon the family or community.

It's important to understand that SGBV stems from structural gender inequalities that give privilege to male norms over female ones (though it's worth noting that men can also be victims). Its prevention and redress require multi-faceted approaches, from legal and policy interventions to shifts in cultural norms and values. The consequences of SGBV are grave, with survivors often experiencing lasting physical and mental health challenges